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GRE vocabulary

GRE words starting with S

289 GRE-level words that begin with S, each with its part of speech, a plain-English definition, and an example sentence. Tap any word for synonyms, antonyms, and more.

sabotageverb

to deliberately damage or obstruct something, especially in secret

saccharinnoun

an intensely sweet, calorie-free artificial sweetener

saccharineadjective

excessively sweet or sentimental in a cloying way

sacrosanctadjective

regarded as too important or sacred to be altered or criticized

sagaciousadjective

having keen practical judgment and discernment

sagacitynoun

soundness of judgment and acuteness of discernment

salientadjective

most noticeable or important; standing out prominently

sallowadjective

of a sickly yellowish or pale complexion

salubriousadjective

favorable to health or well-being

salutaryadjective

producing a beneficial or remedial effect

salvonoun

a simultaneous discharge of weapons or a burst of remarks

sanctimoniousadjective

making a hypocritical show of moral or religious superiority

sanctimonynoun

a hypocritical or feigned show of piety or moral superiority

sanctionverb

to give official approval or permission for something

sangfroidnoun

composure and coolness under pressure

sanguineadjective

cheerfully optimistic, especially in a difficult situation

sapverb

to gradually weaken or drain the strength of

sapientadjective

possessing or showing great wisdom and discernment

sardonicadjective

grimly mocking or cynically scornful

sateverb

to satisfy a desire or appetite fully or to excess

satiateverb

to fill or satisfy completely, often beyond desire

satirenoun

the use of irony or ridicule to expose folly or vice

saturateverb

to fill or soak thoroughly until no more can be absorbed

saturnalianadjective

characterized by unrestrained revelry and license

saturnineadjective

gloomy, sullen, or grimly serious in temperament

savagerynoun

extreme fierceness, cruelty, or brutality

savantnoun

a person of exceptional learning or expertise

savorverb

to taste or smell something with pleasure, or to enjoy an experience fully and lingeringly

savoryadjective

pleasing in taste or smell; morally respectable

savvyadjective

shrewdly knowledgeable and practical

scantadjective

barely sufficient; limited in amount

scapegoatnoun

a person unfairly blamed for the faults of others

scathingadjective

severely critical in a harsh, withering way

scenarionoun

a postulated sequence of events or possible situation

schismnoun

a split or division between strongly opposed factions

scintillanoun

a tiny trace or spark of a quality or feeling

scintillatingadjective

brilliantly lively, witty, or sparkling

sciolismnoun

a superficial show of knowledge or shallow learning paraded as expertise

scoffverb

to speak about something with mocking contempt

scornfuladjective

expressing contempt or disdain

scourverb

to search thoroughly or clean by rubbing hard

scrapverb

to discard or abandon as no longer useful

scrawnyadjective

unattractively thin and bony

scribenoun

a person who copies documents or writes by hand

scrupulositynoun

extreme conscientiousness about correctness and ethics

scrupulousadjective

diligently attentive to detail and ethical correctness

scrutinizeverb

to examine closely and critically

scurrilousadjective

making or spreading scandalous and defamatory claims

scuttleverb

to deliberately cause to fail or be abandoned

seclusionnoun

the state of being kept apart from others

secreteverb

to produce and release a substance; or to hide away

sectarynoun

a zealous and often narrow adherent of a sect or faction

secularadjective

not connected with religious or spiritual matters

sedateadjective

calm, dignified, and unhurried

sedentaryadjective

characterized by much sitting and little physical activity

seditionnoun

incitement to rebellion against established authority

sedulousadjective

showing dedicated and persistent effort

seetheverb

to be intensely agitated or angry, often inwardly

self-effacingadjective

modest and reluctant to draw attention to oneself

semanticadjective

relating to meaning in language or logic

semblancenoun

an outward appearance or resemblance, often misleading

seminaladjective

strongly influencing later developments; foundational

sempervirentadjective

evergreen, staying green and fresh throughout the year

sempiternaladjective

continuing without end, everlasting

senescencenoun

the process or condition of deterioration that comes with growing old

senescentadjective

growing old, undergoing the process of aging and decline

sententiousadjective

given to pompous moralizing in a self-important way

sentientadjective

able to perceive or feel things; conscious

sentinelnoun

a guard who keeps watch

sequaciousadjective

inclined to follow another slavishly, without independent thought

sequelnoun

something that follows as a continuation or result

sequesterverb

to isolate or set apart, often deliberately

seraladjective

relating to an intermediate, transitional stage of ecological succession

seraphicadjective

characteristic of or resembling a seraph; radiantly beautiful or blissful

sereadjective

dried up, withered, and lacking moisture or freshness

serendipitynoun

the occurrence of fortunate discoveries by chance

sereneadjective

calm, peaceful, and untroubled

servileadjective

excessively willing to please or obey; submissive

servilitynoun

the condition of excessive willingness to obey or please others abjectly

servitudenoun

the state of being a slave or under forced subjection

sesquipedalianadjective

given to using long, ponderous words; characterized by such words

severancenoun

the act of ending or breaking a connection

shackleverb

to restrain or limit freedom of action

shamnoun

something false that is presented as genuine

shardnoun

a sharp fragment of a broken object

sheepishadjective

showing embarrassment from shame or self-consciousness

shirkverb

to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility

shoddyadjective

poorly made or done; of inferior quality

shrewdadjective

having sharp practical judgment and cleverness

shunverb

to persistently avoid or reject

sibyllineadjective

mysteriously prophetic or cryptic in expression

simianadjective

relating to or resembling apes or monkeys

simperverb

to smile in a silly, self-conscious, or affected way

simulacrumnoun

an imitation or superficial likeness of something

sinecurenoun

a position that provides pay but requires little or no work

singularadjective

exceptional, remarkable, or unique

sinisteradjective

suggesting evil or harm; ominous

skepticnoun

a person inclined to question or doubt accepted claims

skirmishnoun

a brief, minor conflict or dispute

skittishadjective

nervously excitable and easily frightened

skulkverb

to move or lurk furtively to avoid notice

skullduggerynoun

underhanded, unscrupulous behavior; crafty trickery or intrigue

slackadjective

not taut or held tightly; lacking energy, effort, or diligence

slackenverb

to make or become slower, looser, or less intense

slakeverb

to quench or satisfy a thirst or desire

slandernoun

a false spoken statement that damages a reputation

slapdashadjective

done hastily and carelessly

sleekadjective

smooth, glossy, and elegantly streamlined

slightverb

to insult someone by treating them with disrespect

slothnoun

reluctance to work or make an effort; laziness

slovenlyadjective

messy, careless, and untidy in appearance or habits

sluggishadjective

slow-moving or lacking energy and alertness

sluiceverb

to wash or pour with a rushing flow of water

slumberousadjective

sleepy and heavy with drowsiness, or inducing sleep

smarmyadjective

ingratiating and falsely earnest in a way that seems insincere

smatteringnoun

a small or superficial amount of knowledge

smotherverb

to suppress, stifle, or overwhelm

smugadjective

showing excessive self-satisfaction

snideadjective

derogatory in a mocking, indirect way

snubverb

to rebuff or ignore someone in a deliberate slight

sobrietynoun

the quality of being serious, restrained, or temperate

sobriquetnoun

a nickname or informal name given to a person or place

soddenadjective

thoroughly soaked with liquid

solacenoun

comfort or consolation in a time of distress

solecismnoun

a grammatical mistake or a blunder in etiquette or behavior

solicitousadjective

showing attentive care or concern for others

solidaritynoun

unity based on shared interests or sympathies

soliloquynoun

a speech in which a character speaks thoughts aloud alone

solitudenoun

the state of being alone, often by choice

solubleadjective

able to be dissolved; or capable of being solved

solventadjective

having enough assets to pay one's debts

somaticadjective

relating to the body as distinct from the mind or soul

somberadjective

dark, gloomy, or seriously grave in mood

somnolencenoun

a sleepy, drowsy condition marked by a strong urge to sleep

sonorousadjective

deep, full, and resonant in sound

sootheverb

to calm, comfort, or relieve

sophisticaladjective

superficially plausible but actually fallacious in reasoning

sophisticatedadjective

highly developed, refined, or complex

sophistrynoun

subtly deceptive reasoning that seems plausible but is flawed

soporificadjective

tending to induce drowsiness or sleep

soporoseadjective

in or characterized by an abnormally deep, sleepy stupor

soppyadjective

excessively sentimental or mawkish

sordidadjective

morally degraded, sleazy, or squalid

sovereignadjective

possessing supreme or independent authority

sparseadjective

thinly distributed or scant in quantity

spartanadjective

marked by strict simplicity and lack of comfort

spatenoun

a sudden, large outpouring or flood of something

speciousadjective

seemingly plausible but actually false or misleading

specternoun

a haunting or threatening prospect; a ghost

spectrumnoun

a broad range of related qualities, ideas, or values

speculateverb

to form opinions without firm evidence; to conjecture

spendthriftnoun

a person who spends money wastefully and extravagantly

spiritlessadjective

lacking energy, courage, or enthusiasm

spleneticadjective

bad-tempered, irritable, and spiteful

sporadicadjective

occurring at irregular or infrequent intervals

sprightlinessnoun

lively, animated energy and briskness

sprightlyadjective

lively, energetic, and full of spirit

spruceverb

to make neat and tidy in appearance

spryadjective

active, nimble, and energetic, especially when older

spuriousadjective

false or fake despite a deceptive appearance of authenticity

spurnverb

to reject with contempt or disdain

spurtnoun

a sudden brief burst of activity or growth

squalidadjective

extremely dirty, neglected, and unpleasant

squalornoun

a filthy and wretched condition, typically caused by poverty

squanderverb

to waste recklessly or use up to no purpose

squelchverb

to firmly suppress or silence something

stagnantadjective

not flowing or developing; inactive and stale

staidadjective

sedate, respectable, and unadventurous

stalematenoun

a deadlock in which no progress can be made

stalkverb

to pursue stealthily or move in a menacing way

stalwartadjective

loyal, reliable, and steadfast

stanchverb

to stop or restrict the flow of something

starkadjective

severe, bare, or sharply evident

stasisnoun

a period or state of inactivity, stagnation, or equilibrium

staticadjective

lacking movement, change, or development

staunchadjective

firmly loyal and committed

steadfastadjective

firmly fixed in belief or loyalty; unwavering

steepverb

to soak or immerse thoroughly, often to absorb qualities

stentorianadjective

extremely loud and powerful in sound

sternadjective

serious, strict, and unsparing in manner

stertorousadjective

marked by heavy, labored breathing that resembles snoring

stifleverb

to suppress, smother, or restrain

stigmanoun

a mark of social disgrace associated with something

stiltedadjective

stiff and unnatural in style or manner

stintverb

to be sparing or frugal, restricting supply

stipendnoun

a fixed regular allowance or payment

stipulateverb

to specify a requirement as part of an agreement

stoicadjective

enduring pain or hardship without showing feeling

stokeverb

to stir up or intensify a feeling or fire

stolidadjective

showing little emotion and seeming unmoved

stoutadjective

sturdy, resolute, and determined

stratagemnoun

a clever scheme or trick to gain an advantage

stratifyverb

to arrange or divide into distinct layers or classes

stratumnoun

a layer or level of something, especially a social class or a layer of rock or society

stricturenoun

a severe criticism or a restrictive condemnation

stridentadjective

loud, harsh, and aggressively insistent

stringentadjective

strict, precise, and demanding in requirements

stultifyverb

to make dull, ineffective, or pointless

stupefyverb

to astonish or make senseless

stupornoun

a state of near-unconsciousness or dazed insensibility

stymieverb

to block, hinder, or thwart progress

suaveadjective

smoothly polished, charming, and sophisticated

subdueverb

to bring under control by force or restraint

subjectiveadjective

based on personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subjugateverb

to bring under domination or control

sublimateverb

to redirect an impulse into a socially acceptable activity

sublimeadjective

of outstanding greatness or beauty inspiring awe

subliminaladjective

operating below the threshold of conscious awareness

submissiveadjective

inclined to yield obediently to others

subordinateadjective

lower in rank, importance, or authority

subpoenanoun

a legal order requiring someone to appear or produce evidence

subsequentadjective

coming after something else in time or order

subservientadjective

excessively obedient or subordinate to others

subsideverb

to become less intense, active, or severe

substantiateverb

to provide evidence to support or prove a claim

subterfugenoun

deceit or trickery used to achieve a goal

subterraneanadjective

existing or operating beneath the surface; hidden

subtleadjective

delicate, understated, or not immediately obvious

subtletynoun

fine distinction or delicate, understated quality

subversiveadjective

seeking to undermine an established system or authority

successionnoun

a series of things or people following one after another

succinctadjective

expressed clearly in few words; concise

succornoun

assistance and relief given in time of distress

succumbverb

to yield to a superior force or overwhelming desire

sufferancenoun

tolerance or permission granted only by passive acceptance

sufficeverb

to be enough or adequate for a purpose

suffragenoun

the right to vote in political elections

suffuseverb

to gradually spread through or over something

sulkverb

to be silently resentful and withdrawn

sullenadjective

silently bad-tempered, gloomy, or resentful

sullyverb

to damage the purity or reputation of something

sultryadjective

hot and humid; or alluringly passionate

summarilyadverb

immediately and without ceremony or delay

summonverb

to call upon or order to appear

sumptuousadjective

splendid and costly; luxurious

sunderverb

to split apart or sever forcibly

sunnyadjective

cheerful and optimistic in disposition

superannuateverb

to discard or retire as outdated, obsolete, or too old for use

superannuatedadjective

outdated or too old to be useful

superciliousadjective

behaving as though superior to others; haughty

superficialadjective

shallow; concerned only with surface appearances

superfluitynoun

an excessive quantity beyond what is required

superfluousadjective

more than is needed; unnecessary

superlativeadjective

of the highest quality or degree

supersaturateverb

to fill far beyond the point of normal capacity

supersedeverb

to take the place of something previously in use

supineadjective

lying face upward; or passively inactive

supplantverb

to replace and take the place of, especially through force or scheming

suppleadjective

flexible and able to bend or adapt easily

supplicateverb

to ask or beg for something humbly and earnestly

suppositionnoun

an assumption or hypothesis that is not based on firm evidence

suppressverb

to forcibly put an end to or restrain

supremacynoun

the state of being superior in power or authority

surfeitnoun

an excessive amount of something

surfeitedadjective

filled to excess or made weary by overindulgence

surlyadjective

bad-tempered and unfriendly

surmiseverb

to infer or guess on the basis of incomplete evidence

surmountverb

to overcome a difficulty or obstacle

surpassverb

to exceed or be greater than something else

surpassingadjective

exceeding all others; exceptional

surrealadjective

strange and dreamlike, unlike ordinary reality

surreptitiousadjective

done secretly to avoid being noticed

surreptitiousnessnoun

the quality of acting secretly or by stealth to avoid being noticed

surrogatenoun

a substitute that takes the place of another

susceptibleadjective

likely to be influenced or harmed by something

sustainverb

to maintain, support, or keep something going over time

swaggerverb

to walk or behave in a boastful, arrogant way

swarthyadjective

having a dark complexion

swashbucklingadjective

flamboyantly daring and boldly adventurous

swatheverb

to wrap or envelop completely

swelterverb

to suffer from oppressive heat

swindleverb

to cheat someone out of money or property by deception

swindlernoun

a person who cheats others out of money

sybaritenoun

a person devoted to luxury and pleasure

sybariticadjective

devoted to luxury and sensual self-indulgence

sycophantnoun

a person who flatters others to gain advantage

sycophanticadjective

obsequiously flattering to gain favor

syllogismnoun

a form of deductive reasoning with two premises and a conclusion

sylvanadjective

relating to or characteristic of woods or forests

symbiosisnoun

a mutually beneficial relationship between two different organisms or groups

symmetrynoun

balanced proportion or correspondence of parts

sympatheticadjective

showing understanding or compassion for another

synchronizeverb

to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate

synchronousadjective

occurring at the same time or operating at the same rate

syndicatenoun

an association of people or groups combined for an enterprise

synergynoun

combined action producing a greater effect than separate parts

synopsisnoun

a brief summary or outline of a larger work

synopticadjective

providing a broad general overview of a whole subject or situation

synthesisnoun

the combination of separate elements into a unified whole

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